Lavender, known for its vibrant, richly-hued blooms, and calming scent, is a perennial favourite amongst UK gardeners. Despite its Mediterranean origins, this robust, versatile plant adapts remarkably well to the British climate. For those of you who wish to cultivate this fragrant plant, we’re here to guide you through the best techniques for growing and harvesting lavender in the UK.
Choosing the Right Variety of Lavender
When it comes to growing lavender in the UK, the first step is selecting the right variety. While there are more than 450 varieties of lavender, not all of them are suited for the UK’s climate. Some of the UK-friendly varieties include Lavandula angustifolia (commonly known as English Lavender), Lavandula x intermedia, and Lavandula stoechas.
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Lavandula angustifolia
Lavandula angustifolia, also known as English Lavender, is arguably the most popular variety in the UK. Recognised for its sweet scent and long-lasting blooms, it’s an excellent choice for borders, hedging or as a standalone feature in your garden.
Lavandula x intermedia
Lavandula x intermedia, usually referred to as Dutch Lavender, is another well-loved choice. This variety boasts long stems, which makes it ideal for cutting and using in floral arrangements.
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Lavandula stoechas
Lavandula stoechas, also known as French Lavender, is a hardier variety, making it a suitable choice for more challenging growing conditions. Its distinct feather-like petals add a unique touch to any garden.
Creating the Optimal Growing Conditions
After selecting the right variety, the next step is to create the optimal growing conditions for your lavender. This includes aspects such as soil type, drainage, sunlight, and spacing.
Soil Type
Lavender prefers well-drained, slightly alkaline soil with a pH between 6.7 and 7.3. If your soil is heavy clay or tends to retain water, consider adding some horticultural grit to improve drainage.
Drainage
Good drainage is crucial for lavender. Waterlogged roots can lead to root rot, a condition that can kill your plants. To ensure good drainage, plant your lavender in raised beds or on a slope.
Sunlight
Lavender loves the sun. Plant your lavender where it can receive at least six hours of sunlight each day. If your garden lacks a sunny spot, consider growing lavender in a pot which you can move around to chase the sun.
Spacing
Provide ample space between each lavender plant to ensure good air circulation, which helps to prevent fungal diseases. A spacing of 90cm between plants is a good rule of thumb.
Planting and Caring for Your Lavender
Proper planting and care can greatly contribute to the growth and longevity of your lavender plants. Planting time, watering, and pruning all play a key role.
Planting Time
The best time to plant lavender in the UK is in early spring. This gives the plants enough time to establish themselves before the hotter summer months.
Watering
Lavender is a drought-resistant plant and prefers a ‘less is more’ watering approach. Overwatering can lead to root rot. Only water when the top inch of soil is dry.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for maintaining a healthy, bushy lavender plant. In the UK, the best time to prune is in late August or early September, once the blooms have faded.
Harvesting Your Lavender
Knowing when and how to harvest your lavender can affect the quality of the blooms and oil. For fresh use, lavender is best harvested when about half of the flower buds on the stem have opened. For dried use, harvest when all or nearly all the buds are open.
When to Harvest
The best time to harvest lavender is in the morning, after the dew has evaporated but before the heat of the day. This is when the essential oils are most concentrated, giving you the most fragrant harvest.
How to Harvest
To harvest lavender, use a sharp pair of secateurs to cut the stems. Leave a few inches of foliage on the plant to encourage new growth.
Using Your Harvested Lavender
Once you’ve harvested your lavender, there are endless possibilities for use. Dried lavender can be used in sachets, homemade soaps, or baking. Fresh lavender is great in floral arrangements, or even as a garnish for cocktails.
Lavender oil, obtained from the flowers, can be used in aromatherapy for its calming effect. It’s also a popular ingredient in beauty products like lotions and bath salts.
With these techniques under your belt, you’re well on your way to growing and harvesting your own lavender in the UK. Whether you’re after the fragrant blooms, essential oils, or just love the look of lavender in your garden, these tips will help you cultivate this charming plant with ease.
Dealing with Common Lavender Pests and Diseases
While lavender is a hardy plant, it can still fall victim to certain pests and diseases. It’s vital to keep a watchful eye on your plants and take steps to prevent and manage any potential issues.
Pests
One of the most common pests that attack lavender plants is the Rosemary beetle. These shiny, striped beetles lay their eggs on the underside of lavender leaves, and their larvae feed on the foliage. If you notice these beetles or the damage they cause, the best way to deal with them is by hand-picking them off the plant.
Aphids can also pose a problem. These small, green insects suck the sap from the plant, which can cause the leaves to curl and yellow. If you notice an infestation, you can treat your lavender with a soap and water solution or use a natural insecticide.
Diseases
Lavender plants are susceptible to several diseases, including root rot and lavender shab disease. Root rot is usually a result of overwatering or poor drainage, and the plants may appear wilted or discoloured. Lavender shab is a fungal disease that causes the shoots to die back. Affected plants should be removed to prevent the disease from spreading.
Maintaining the health of your lavender plants is crucial for a successful harvest. Regular monitoring, correct watering, and good gardening practices can prevent these common pests and diseases.
Growing and harvesting lavender in the UK may have its unique challenges, but the rewards are worth the effort. From the beautiful, fragrant blooms to the versatile uses of the harvested flowers, lavender is a plant that truly gives back.
Remember to start with a UK-friendly variety like Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula x intermedia, or Lavandula stoechas. Create the optimal growing conditions with well-drained, slightly alkaline soil and lots of sunlight. Keep a careful eye on your plants for signs of pests or disease, and ensure proper watering and pruning practices.
By following these techniques, your lavender will thrive in the British climate, providing you with a bountiful harvest year after year. Whether you’re using it in aromatherapy, beauty products, or simply enjoying its presence in your garden, lavender is a wonderful addition to any home. Happy gardening!
